Basic Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution
The Constitution guarantees core personal, political, social, and digital rights. Below is what the 2026 Constitution now protects directly, which guarantees became stronger, and where to go if a right is violated.
Core rights
The Constitution protects a broad set of fundamental rights and freedoms. Among the most important are:
- the right to life
- personal liberty
- protection of honor and dignity
- privacy and inviolability of private life
- freedom of speech and expression
- freedom of peaceful assembly
- freedom of conscience and religion
- the right to property
- the right to work and social protection
- the right to education
- the right to judicial protection
What constitutional rights mean
Constitutional rights set limits and guidance for public authorities. In a concrete case, their scope, exercise and available remedy also depend on the applicable law and procedure.
When an authority restricts a right, it should identify the legal basis, purpose and procedure. Keep the decision, notice and supporting documents to assess or challenge the measure.
What the new Constitution strengthens
The 2026 model places stronger emphasis on several areas:
- digital rights, including personal data and communication privacy
- procedural guarantees during detention and investigation
- stronger protection of human dignity
- constitutional and judicial protection mechanisms, each with its own conditions
Rights of everyone and rights of citizens
Some rights belong to every person:
- the right to life
- dignity
- protection from torture
- access to justice
Other rights belong specifically to citizens:
- voting rights
- participation in state governance
- certain political rights tied to citizenship
Why this matters
Fundamental rights are an important safeguard in an individual’s relationship with the state. For a practical question, read the constitutional text together with the relevant law, documents and procedure.
Key facts
- The Constitution establishes rights relating to life, liberty, dignity, expression, property and judicial protection
- Rights can be invoked, but their exercise and remedy are usually specified by special legislation
- The 2026 text clarifies digital and procedural guarantees
- Some rights belong to everyone, while others are specific to citizens
Public positions and documents
An editorial selection showing how the topic developed and where it stands now.
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«В новой Преамбуле права и свободы человека впервые провозглашены в качестве основного приоритета государства.»
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«Он отметил, что еще одной ключевой особенностью нового текста Конституции является ориентация на права человека. Так, права и свободы человека закреплены не только в новой Преамбуле, но и утверждены в качестве особого приоритета и смыслового стержня всей Конституции.»
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«Территориальная целостность, суверенитет страны, права и свободы граждан получили свое закрепление в качестве главных ценностей. Соблюдение Закона и Порядка, развитие образования, науки и новых технологий, сохранение чистоты, защита природы и поддержка волонтерской деятельности были определены как конституционные обязанности.»
Basis for this explainer
Constitutional provisions and primary sources supporting this explanation.
Constitutional provisions
Article 12· Article 13· Article 14· Article 15· Article 16· Article 17· Article 18· Article 19· Article 20· Article 21· Article 22· Article 23· Article 24· Article 25· Article 26· Article 27· Article 28· Article 29· Article 30· Article 31· Article 32· Article 33· Article 34· Article 35· Article 36· Article 37· Article 38· Article 39· Article 40· Article 41
Primary sources
Open sources the editorial team used to verify this explainer. Checked 16 July 2026.
Related articles
Quick links to the constitutional articles behind this explainer.