Basic Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution

The new Constitution guarantees the core rights and freedoms of every person and citizen, including life, liberty, dignity, freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, religion, property, fair trial, education, and social protection. These rights are not symbolic declarations — they are constitutional guarantees binding on the state.

Rights 1 min read 📄
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Core rights

The Constitution protects a broad set of fundamental rights and freedoms. Among the most important are:

  • the right to life
  • personal liberty
  • protection of honor and dignity
  • privacy and inviolability of private life
  • freedom of speech and expression
  • freedom of peaceful assembly
  • freedom of conscience and religion
  • the right to property
  • the right to work and social protection
  • the right to education
  • the right to judicial protection

What constitutional rights mean

Constitutional rights are not merely political promises. They perform several legal functions at once:

  • they limit state power
  • they create enforceable legal claims for individuals
  • they guide courts and public authorities

In practice, this means that when the state restricts a right, it must justify that restriction under the Constitution and the law.

What the new Constitution strengthens

The 2026 model places stronger emphasis on several areas:

  • digital rights, including personal data and communication privacy
  • procedural guarantees during detention and investigation
  • stronger protection of human dignity
  • clearer mechanisms for constitutional and judicial protection

Rights of everyone and rights of citizens

Some rights belong to every person:

  • the right to life
  • dignity
  • protection from torture
  • access to justice

Other rights belong specifically to citizens:

  • voting rights
  • participation in state governance
  • certain political rights tied to citizenship

Why this matters

Fundamental rights are the main shield individuals have in their relationship with the state. The clearer and stronger these guarantees are, the harder it is for ordinary laws or officials to act arbitrarily.

Key facts

  • The Constitution protects life, liberty, dignity, expression, property, and fair trial
  • Constitutional rights bind the state and guide courts
  • The new model strengthens digital and procedural rights
  • Some rights belong to everyone, while others are specific to citizens
Related questions

How Constitutional Rights Can Be Protected

Constitutional rights can be protected through courts, the Constitutional Court, the Ombudsman, the prosecution system, and administrative complaint mechanisms. Effective protection depends not only on rights being in the text, but on institutions that can enforce them in practice.

What Digital Rights Mean in the New Constitution

Digital rights are among the major innovations of the new Constitution. They include protection of personal data, privacy of digital communications, control over information about oneself, and stronger constitutional safeguards in the online environment.

How Rights Are Limited During Emergency and Wartime

During a state of emergency or wartime, some rights may be temporarily restricted, but this does not place the state outside the Constitution. Such restrictions must remain lawful, temporary, public, and subject to oversight.

Can Rights and Freedoms Be Limited

Yes, but only under strict constitutional conditions. Any limitation of rights must be established by law, pursue a legitimate aim, and remain proportionate. The state may regulate rights, but it cannot abolish them arbitrarily or use vague restrictions for political convenience.