Core rights
The Constitution protects a broad set of fundamental rights and freedoms. Among the most important are:
- the right to life
- personal liberty
- protection of honor and dignity
- privacy and inviolability of private life
- freedom of speech and expression
- freedom of peaceful assembly
- freedom of conscience and religion
- the right to property
- the right to work and social protection
- the right to education
- the right to judicial protection
What constitutional rights mean
Constitutional rights set limits and guidance for public authorities. In a concrete case, their scope, exercise and available remedy also depend on the applicable law and procedure.
When an authority restricts a right, it should identify the legal basis, purpose and procedure. Keep the decision, notice and supporting documents to assess or challenge the measure.
What the new Constitution strengthens
The 2026 model places stronger emphasis on several areas:
- digital rights, including personal data and communication privacy
- procedural guarantees during detention and investigation
- stronger protection of human dignity
- constitutional and judicial protection mechanisms, each with its own conditions
Rights of everyone and rights of citizens
Some rights belong to every person:
- the right to life
- dignity
- protection from torture
- access to justice
Other rights belong specifically to citizens:
- voting rights
- participation in state governance
- certain political rights tied to citizenship
Why this matters
Fundamental rights are an important safeguard in an individual’s relationship with the state. For a practical question, read the constitutional text together with the relevant law, documents and procedure.