Core rights
The Constitution protects a broad set of fundamental rights and freedoms. Among the most important are:
- the right to life
- personal liberty
- protection of honor and dignity
- privacy and inviolability of private life
- freedom of speech and expression
- freedom of peaceful assembly
- freedom of conscience and religion
- the right to property
- the right to work and social protection
- the right to education
- the right to judicial protection
What constitutional rights mean
Constitutional rights are not merely political promises. They perform several legal functions at once:
- they limit state power
- they create enforceable legal claims for individuals
- they guide courts and public authorities
In practice, this means that when the state restricts a right, it must justify that restriction under the Constitution and the law.
What the new Constitution strengthens
The 2026 model places stronger emphasis on several areas:
- digital rights, including personal data and communication privacy
- procedural guarantees during detention and investigation
- stronger protection of human dignity
- clearer mechanisms for constitutional and judicial protection
Rights of everyone and rights of citizens
Some rights belong to every person:
- the right to life
- dignity
- protection from torture
- access to justice
Other rights belong specifically to citizens:
- voting rights
- participation in state governance
- certain political rights tied to citizenship
Why this matters
Fundamental rights are the main shield individuals have in their relationship with the state. The clearer and stronger these guarantees are, the harder it is for ordinary laws or officials to act arbitrarily.