How will digital rights work in practice?

The new Constitution for the first time enshrines personal data protection and the right to submit electronic appeals to state bodies. Implementation will require subordinate legislation – expected in 2026–2027.

After the Referendum 1 min read 📄
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What the Constitution Establishes

The new Constitution for the first time at the constitutional level enshrines:

  • Personal data protection – everyone has the right to protection of their personal data
  • Electronic appeals – citizens may submit appeals to state bodies electronically (e-mail, eGov, e-Otinish)

What This Means in Practice

  • State bodies must accept electronic appeals on equal terms with paper ones
  • Personal data cannot be collected, stored, or transferred without legal grounds
  • Citizens can demand deletion or correction of their data

What Is Needed for Full Implementation

  • Updating the personal data law (current version – 2013)
  • Subordinate legislation on electronic appeals procedures
  • Technical integration: eGov, e-Otinish, e-government
  • Adapting departmental regulations

Timeline

  • Constitutional norm takes effect immediately
  • Subordinate legislation – expected during 2026–2027
  • Until then, the right is exercised through existing channels (eGov, e-Otinish)

Fact

Kazakhstan is one of the first Central Asian countries to enshrine digital rights at the constitutional level.

Related questions

What changed after the new Constitution was adopted?

On 15 March 2026, citizens of Kazakhstan approved the new Constitution in a referendum. The document takes effect upon official publication of results. A transition period begins – adapting laws and launching new institutions.

When do the new constitutional laws take effect?

The Constitution itself takes effect immediately after results are published. But launching the Kurultai, the Vice President's office, and other innovations requires constitutional laws – their adoption is scheduled for 2026–2027.

How will the Kurultai be formed?

The Kurultai is a unicameral parliament of 145 deputies in a new format. It replaces the bicameral system (Mazhilis + Senate). The formation procedure will be defined by a separate constitutional law.

When will the Vice President appear and what is the role?

The Vice President's office is established by the new Constitution. Appointed by the President, with a minimum age of 60. The main role is to ensure continuity of power if the President's term ends.