Property
- Private property is guaranteed and protected
- Seizure – only by court order with equivalent compensation at market value
- Inheritance – a constitutional right
- Confiscation without a court order is prohibited
Business
- Free enterprise – a constitutional right
- Monopolism is restricted by law
- Unfair competition is prohibited
- The state may not interfere in business arbitrarily
Land
- Land may be privately owned – on terms established by law
- Ban on selling land to foreigners – a constitutional provision (since 2022, retained)
- Agricultural land – subject to a special regime
What is new in the 2026 Constitution
- All existing guarantees are retained
- Environmental obligations of business are strengthened at the constitutional level
- Economic freedom is complemented by social responsibility
A practical example
The state decides to build a road through your plot:
- A court order is required – not an official's instruction
- You must be paid the market value of the plot
- You can challenge the amount of compensation in court
- If the expropriation law violates the Constitution – apply to the Constitutional Court
At every stage, you have the right to protection.