Education
- Free secondary education – compulsory for everyone
- Free higher education – on a competitive basis (state grants)
- The state sets educational standards
- Private schools and universities are permitted
New in the 2026 Constitution:
- Secular character of education – a constitutional norm, not merely a departmental rule
- This means: religious propaganda in schools is unconstitutional
- Study of religions as a cultural phenomenon is permitted
A practical example: if a school imposes religious content, from 1 July 2026 this is a violation of the Constitution, not merely of ministerial rules.
Health
- GVFMC (Guaranteed Volume of Free Medical Care) – a specific list of services defined by law
- The right to health protection – a constitutional guarantee
- Private medicine is permitted
- The state ensures sanitary and epidemiological welfare
New in the 2026 Constitution:
- Strengthened environmental guarantees – the right to a healthy environment as a factor in public health
- The environment and health are linked at the constitutional level
A practical example: if you are denied care covered by the GVFMC, that is a violation of the law. Apply to the Ombudsman or the courts.