# Constitution.my

> Structured public explainer corpus about the Constitution of Kazakhstan.

Canonical: https://constitution.my/?lang=en
Languages: ru, kk, en
Requested language: en
AI surface map (JSON): https://constitution.my/ai-map.json?lang=en
AI surface map (XML): https://constitution.my/ai-map.xml?lang=en
Entity graph (JSON): https://constitution.my/entity-graph.json?lang=en
Preferred card format: https://constitution.my/p/<slug>.md?lang=en
Bulk ingestion: https://constitution.my/llms-full.txt?lang=en
Current status: The 2026 Constitution entered into force on July 1, 2026. The first Kurultai elections are scheduled for August 23, 2026.
Historical scope: referendum-related cards describe the completed March 15, 2026 vote and remain for context.
Primary audience: citizens, journalists, researchers, and civic AI assistants looking for reliable public explainers about the Constitution of Kazakhstan.

## Sections

- [Home](https://constitution.my/?lang=en): answer-first overview of the current constitutional phase
- [Basics](https://constitution.my/basics?lang=en): core concepts and constitutional structure
- [Compare](https://constitution.my/compare?lang=en): Constitution of 1995 versus Constitution of 2026
- [Glossary](https://constitution.my/glossary?lang=en): key constitutional terms and definitions
- [Full Text 2026](https://constitution.my/full-text?lang=en): full text of the 2026 Constitution
- [Constitution 1995](https://constitution.my/constitution-1995?lang=en): historical constitutional text with amendments
- [Press](https://constitution.my/press?lang=en): official and media publication references
- [Timeline](https://constitution.my/timeline?lang=en): reform chronology

## Topic packs

- [Rights](https://constitution.my/llms-rights.txt?lang=en): rights, remedies, detention, digital rights, petitions
- [Kurultai](https://constitution.my/llms-kurultai.txt?lang=en): new parliament, elections, formation, related constitutional laws
- [Referendum](https://constitution.my/llms-referendum.txt?lang=en): completed referendum stage, rules, thresholds, aftermath

## Cards

- [Full Text of the New Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/full-text?lang=en): Here you can access the full text of the new Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan online in Kazakh and Russian, along with official publications and compa... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/full-text.md?lang=en
- [How the New Constitution Was Developed](https://constitution.my/p/how-developed?lang=en): The new Constitution was created openly, with the participation of experts, citizens, and representatives of all regions. The process took six months – from Sep... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/how-developed.md?lang=en
- [How to Read the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read-simple?lang=en): It's better to read the Constitution in blocks rather than sequentially: first rights and freedoms, then the power structure and amendment procedure. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read-simple.md?lang=en
- [Why We Are Updating the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/why-update?lang=en): The 1995 Constitution laid the foundations of an independent state. But over 30 years, the economy, technology, public expectations, and governance institutions... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/why-update.md?lang=en
- [What Types of Laws Exist and How They Relate to Each Other](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-levels-of-law?lang=en): The hierarchy runs: Constitution → constitutional laws → laws → presidential decrees → government resolutions → ministerial orders. Any lower-ranking act that c... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-levels-of-law.md?lang=en
- [What Is the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/what-is-constitution?lang=en): The Constitution is the fundamental law of the state that defines the structure of power, citizens' rights, and the basic rules of society. It is not a politica... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/what-is-constitution.md?lang=en
- [Key Changes in the New Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/key-changes?lang=en): The new Constitution preserves the foundations of statehood but changes the architecture of power and strengthens citizens' rights. Key changes: transition to a... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/key-changes.md?lang=en
- [Who Monitors the Integrity of the Vote](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-observers?lang=en): At every polling station – observers from parties, NGOs, media, and international missions (OSCE/ODIHR, SCO, CIS). Observers from more than 30 countries have be... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-observers.md?lang=en
- [Why It Matters to Adopt the Constitution by Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-why-important?lang=en): Adopting the Constitution by referendum gives it especially strong political and public legitimacy. On March 15, 2026, citizens of Kazakhstan approved the updat... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-why-important.md?lang=en
- [What Question Is on the Ballot](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-question-text?lang=en): The ballot contains one question: 'Do you accept the new Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the 2026 Constitution of which was published in the mass me... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-question-text.md?lang=en
- [What Is Happening and What Comes Next](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-after-vote?lang=en): Voting took place on 15 March 2026. 87.15% voted in favour at 73.12% turnout. The Constitution was adopted and entered into force on 1 July 2026. The next pract... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-after-vote.md?lang=en
- [What Is a Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-is?lang=en): A referendum is a nationwide vote with direct legal force. Every citizen aged 18 and over votes personally and in secret. Three conditions must be met: turnout ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-is.md?lang=en
- [What Questions Can Be Put to a Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-can-be-asked?lang=en): A referendum is intended for issues of fundamental public and constitutional importance, not for routine administrative decisions. It is the mechanism by which ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-can-be-asked.md?lang=en
- [Minimum Turnout Requirement and Current Figures](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-turnout-threshold?lang=en): Yes, a referendum requires participation above 50% to have full legal force. Additionally, 'Yes' must prevail in at least 2/3 of regions. According to the CEC, ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-turnout-threshold.md?lang=en
- [What Campaigning Rules Apply Before the Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-campaigning-rules?lang=en): Campaigning is permitted from 12 February to 13 March – both 'For' and 'Against' on equal terms. 14 March is a day of silence: no campaigning. 15 March is polli... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-campaigning-rules.md?lang=en
- [Can Rights and Freedoms Be Limited](https://constitution.my/p/rights-limits?lang=en): Yes, but only under strict constitutional conditions. Any limitation of rights must be established by law, pursue a legitimate aim, and remain proportionate. Th... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-limits.md?lang=en
- [What Does the 'Direct Effect' of the Constitution Mean](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-direct-effect?lang=en): 'Direct effect' means that constitutional provisions apply without waiting for additional legislation. If your right is written in the Constitution, you can inv... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-direct-effect.md?lang=en
- [What Duties Citizens Have Under the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/rights-obligations?lang=en): The Constitution establishes not only rights but also duties: observe the laws, pay taxes, defend the country, care for children and parents, protect the enviro... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-obligations.md?lang=en
- [What Digital Rights Mean in the New Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/rights-digital?lang=en): Digital rights are among the major innovations of the new Constitution. They include protection of personal data, privacy of digital communications, control ove... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-digital.md?lang=en
- [How Rights Are Limited During Emergency and Wartime](https://constitution.my/p/rights-emergency-regimes?lang=en): During a state of emergency or wartime, some rights may be temporarily restricted, but this does not place the state outside the Constitution. Such restrictions... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-emergency-regimes.md?lang=en
- [Basic Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/rights-basic-list?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees core personal, political, social, and digital rights. Below is what the 2026 Constitution now protects directly, which guarantees be... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-basic-list.md?lang=en
- [My Personal Data Was Leaked – What Should I Do](https://constitution.my/p/life-personal-data-leaked?lang=en): The 2026 Constitution for the first time protects personal and biometric data at the constitutional level. Collection, storage, and dissemination of data withou... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-personal-data-leaked.md?lang=en
- [I Was Detained by Police – What Are My Rights](https://constitution.my/p/life-detained-by-police?lang=en): From the moment of detention you have rights – to know the reason, contact a lawyer, notify relatives, and not testify against yourself. The maximum period with... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-detained-by-police.md?lang=en
- [How to Protect Your Constitutional Rights](https://constitution.my/p/rights-how-to-protect?lang=en): If a right is violated, the right path depends on the situation: an ordinary court, the Constitutional Court, the ombudsperson, or the prosecutor's office. Belo... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-how-to-protect.md?lang=en
- [What Rights a Person Has Upon Detention](https://constitution.my/p/rights-detention?lang=en): The new Constitution strengthens basic guarantees at the moment of detention, including the right to be informed of one’s rights, access to a lawyer, judicial c... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-detention.md?lang=en
- [National Bank](https://constitution.my/p/national-bank?lang=en): The National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan and is responsible for monetary policy, price stability, and the stability of the financial ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/national-bank.md?lang=en
- [Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan](https://constitution.my/p/government?lang=en): The Government is the highest executive body responsible for implementing state policy, managing the economy, social development, and public administration. It ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/government.md?lang=en
- [Kurultai: Kazakhstan's New Parliament](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai?lang=en): The Kurultai is the unicameral parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The 2026 Constitution replaces the bicameral structure of the Senate and Mazhilis with ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai.md?lang=en
- [President of the Republic of Kazakhstan](https://constitution.my/p/president?lang=en): The President is the head of state, guarantor of the Constitution, and protector of the rights and freedoms of citizens. The President ensures the coordinated f... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/president.md?lang=en
- [Vice President of the Republic of Kazakhstan](https://constitution.my/p/vice-president?lang=en): The Vice President is a new constitutional office created to ensure continuity of governance, coordination, and institutional stability. Appointed by the Presid... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/vice-president.md?lang=en
- [Local Government and Self-Government](https://constitution.my/p/local-government?lang=en): Local government and self-government are the institutions through which public authority is exercised at the level closest to citizens. They include local execu... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-government.md?lang=en
- [Prosecutor General](https://constitution.my/p/prosecutor?lang=en): The Prosecutor General is the highest official of the prosecution service and oversees compliance with the law throughout the state system. The Prosecutor Gener... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/prosecutor.md?lang=en
- [Constitutional Court](https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-court?lang=en): The Constitutional Court is the supreme body of constitutional review, ensuring the supremacy of the Constitution and protecting the constitutional rights of ci... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-court.md?lang=en
- [What the Maslikhat Does](https://constitution.my/p/local-maslikhat?lang=en): The maslikhat is the local representative body through which local interests, oversight, and political accountability are expressed. Local governance should not... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-maslikhat.md?lang=en
- [What Local Self-Government Is and How It Differs from Local Administration](https://constitution.my/p/local-self-government?lang=en): Local administration is a top-down hierarchy: akims appointed from the centre. Local self-government is a bottom-up initiative: residents themselves decide what... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-self-government.md?lang=en
- [Why Local Self-Government Matters](https://constitution.my/p/local-why-it-matters?lang=en): Local self-government matters because it is the level of public power closest to people’s everyday lives. It determines how communities are heard, how local pri... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-why-it-matters.md?lang=en
- [What the Local People’s Council Is](https://constitution.my/p/local-halyk-kenesi?lang=en): The local People’s Council is a proposed participation mechanism at the local level through which residents, community representatives, experts, and civil socie... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-halyk-kenesi.md?lang=en
- [How a Citizen Can Participate in Governing the Country](https://constitution.my/p/local-citizen-participation?lang=en): Participation extends beyond elections. The Constitution provides for peaceful assembly, appeals to state bodies (which are required to respond), applications t... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-citizen-participation.md?lang=en
- [What the Akim Does](https://constitution.my/p/local-akim-role?lang=en): The akim is the head of the local executive authority and is responsible for administration, implementation of state policy, and management of local affairs wit... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-akim-role.md?lang=en
- [What Public Oversight Means](https://constitution.my/p/public-control?lang=en): Public oversight means that citizens, experts, media, and civil society organizations can monitor public decisions and the way they are implemented. In the new ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/public-control.md?lang=en
- [How Petitions Work](https://constitution.my/p/petitions?lang=en): In the new constitutional model, a petition is an official mechanism through which citizens can collectively raise a public issue. Once the required level of su... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/petitions.md?lang=en
- [What the Kazakhstan People’s Council Is](https://constitution.my/p/peoples-council?lang=en): The Kazakhstan People’s Council is a consultative and advisory body under the President designed to provide a permanent channel of dialogue between the state an... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/peoples-council.md?lang=en
- [What Role Civil Society Plays](https://constitution.my/p/civil-society?lang=en): Civil society is the sphere of organizations, communities, experts, initiatives, and associations that exist outside the state but actively influence public lif... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/civil-society.md?lang=en
- [When the New Constitution Entered Into Force](https://constitution.my/p/practical-entry-into-force?lang=en): Following the referendum of 15 March 2026, the new Constitution entered into force on 1 July 2026. Until then, the 1995 Constitution remained in force. During t... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-entry-into-force.md?lang=en
- [How the Relationship Between International Treaties and National Laws Will Change](https://constitution.my/p/practical-international-treaties?lang=en): Previously, ratified international treaties took precedence over Kazakhstan's laws. In future, treaties and laws will be on the same level, with the Constitutio... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-international-treaties.md?lang=en
- [How to Discuss the Constitution With Family, Friends, or Colleagues](https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-discuss?lang=en): Discuss the Constitution by focusing on the actual text, before-and-after comparisons, and practical examples rather than slogans or out-of-context excerpts. Th... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-discuss.md?lang=en
- [Where to Ask Questions](https://constitution.my/p/practical-where-to-ask?lang=en): If you have questions about the new Constitution, referendum procedure, or your rights, use official information portals, election resources, legal-information ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-where-to-ask.md?lang=en
- [What the New Constitution Changes for an Ordinary Person](https://constitution.my/p/practical-what-changes-for-me?lang=en): Constitutional change does not usually transform daily life overnight, but it can significantly affect how rights are protected, how public authority is exercis... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-what-changes-for-me.md?lang=en
- [How to Check Information About the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-check-information?lang=en): The safest way to verify claims about the Constitution is to compare them with the full text, official comparison tables, and official explanatory materials. So... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-check-information.md?lang=en
- [I Was Fired – What Are My Constitutional Rights](https://constitution.my/p/life-fired-from-job?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees the right to work and protection against unemployment. If dismissed unlawfully, you can turn to the court, the labour inspectorate, ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-fired-from-job.md?lang=en
- [Why Reading the Text Matters](https://constitution.my/p/practical-why-read-before-vote?lang=en): In a referendum, a citizen votes not on a slogan, but on a legal text that shapes the foundations of the state. That is why reading the Constitution itself rema... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-why-read-before-vote.md?lang=en
- [I Want to Start a Business – What Does the Constitution Guarantee](https://constitution.my/p/life-start-business?lang=en): The Constitution protects property rights and freedom of enterprise. The state is obliged to create conditions for business and cannot arbitrarily confiscate pr... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-start-business.md?lang=en
- [What the Constitution Says About Property and Business](https://constitution.my/p/practical-property-and-business?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees private property and freedom of enterprise. Seizure of property is permitted only by court order and with equivalent compensation at... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-property-and-business.md?lang=en
- [My Child Was Refused Entry to School – What Does the Constitution Say](https://constitution.my/p/life-child-school-refused?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees the right to free secondary education. Refusal of admission is unlawful. You can turn to the local education authority, the prosecut... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-child-school-refused.md?lang=en
- [How the Constitution Protects the Right to Education and Health](https://constitution.my/p/practical-education-health?lang=en): Free secondary education is compulsory for all. The Guaranteed Volume of Free Medical Care (GVFMC) is provided free of charge. The 2026 Constitution adds: the s... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-education-health.md?lang=en
- [What the 1995 Constitution Changed](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1995?lang=en): The 1995 Constitution created the basic framework of Kazakhstan’s modern state system. It clarified the structure of power, consolidated the presidential model,... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1995.md?lang=en
- [How to Read Constitutional Changes Correctly](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read?lang=en): Constitutional change is easiest to understand when read historically rather than as isolated legal fragments. The best approach is to compare the previous and ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read.md?lang=en
- [What the 2022 Constitutional Reforms Changed](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-reforms-2022?lang=en): The 2022 constitutional reforms were aimed at rebalancing Kazakhstan’s political system. They marked a shift away from an overly centralised model toward a more... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-reforms-2022.md?lang=en
- [What the 1993 Constitution Was](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1993?lang=en): The 1993 Constitution was the first Constitution of independent Kazakhstan. It established the legal foundations of sovereignty and marked the transition from t... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1993.md?lang=en
- [How Kazakhstan Reached the 2026 Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-path-to-2026?lang=en): The 2026 Constitution did not emerge suddenly. It is the product of a long constitutional evolution that began with independence in 1991, passed through the Con... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-path-to-2026.md?lang=en
- [“The People's Council replaces Parliament”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-halyk-kenesi-replaces-parliament?lang=en): No. The People's Council is a consultative body without the power to pass laws. Only the Kurultai adopts laws. The Council may submit initiatives, but they are ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-halyk-kenesi-replaces-parliament.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “Everything changes the next day after the referendum”](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-change-next-day?lang=en): No. Citizens voted on March 15, the key laws were signed on June 5, and the Constitution entered into force on 1 July 2026. The legal system does not transform ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-change-next-day.md?lang=en
- [“The Kurultai is just the Mazhilis under a new name”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-kurultai-same-as-mazhilis?lang=en): It is not a simple rename: the Senate is abolished, presidential appointments are removed, the election system changes, the threshold rises from 5% to 7%, and a... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-kurultai-same-as-mazhilis.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'The Constitution Doesn't Work Anyway, So What's Written in It Doesn't Matter'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-doesnt-work?lang=en): The claim that 'the Constitution doesn't work' is a common myth. Since 2023, the Constitutional Court has accepted dozens of applications from ordinary citizens... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-doesnt-work.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'If the Constitution Was Adopted by Referendum, It Must Be Perfect'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-always-good?lang=en): A referendum confers legitimacy – but not perfection. The US Constitution began by enshrining slavery. Kazakhstan's 1995 Constitution required 56 amendments in ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-always-good.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “If a referendum has only one question, there is no real choice”](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-one-question?lang=en): A single-question referendum is not automatically fake, invalid, or meaningless. If the issue submitted is a unified constitutional project, one question can re... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-one-question.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “The new Constitution will improve life immediately”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-constitution-solves-everything?lang=en): A Constitution is a legal foundation, not an automatic outcome. Real change depends on laws, court practice, and civic use. The distance between a norm and dail... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-constitution-solves-everything.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “Boycott is the strongest political response”](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-boycott?lang=en): A boycott is not the same as a “No” vote. According to the CEC, turnout had already reached 70.98% by 18:00, clearing the 50% threshold, while the final referen... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-boycott.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'The Constitution Is All About Rights and Nobody Mentions Duties'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-rights-vs-duties?lang=en): Myth: 'The Constitution is just about demanding rights; duties are forgotten.' Fact: the section is titled 'Rights, Freedoms and Duties.' Duties are written out... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-rights-vs-duties.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “Any Constitution is good simply because it is a Constitution”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-any-constitution-good?lang=en): Not every constitution is good merely by virtue of existing. A constitution can be democratic and rights-protecting, or it can be vague, overly centralized, wea... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-any-constitution-good.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'If the Law Says So, the Constitution Doesn't Matter'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-law-vs-constitution?lang=en): Myth: 'The law is the law – the Constitution has nothing to do with it.' Fact: the Constitution stands above any law. If a law contradicts the Constitution, it ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-law-vs-constitution.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'A Referendum Is Always Better Than Parliament Because the People Decide'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-referendum-vs-parliament?lang=en): A referendum does not replace parliament – it complements it for fundamental questions. Voting on a budget or a tax code with a simple Yes/No is not feasible. T... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-referendum-vs-parliament.md?lang=en
- [Law on the Kurultai – building a new parliament from scratch](https://constitution.my/p/law-on-kurultai?lang=en): The law on the Kurultai was signed on June 5, 2026. It fixes a unicameral parliament of 145 deputies elected by proportional representation, and on July 1 the P... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/law-on-kurultai.md?lang=en
- [Law on the Constitutional Court – what changes?](https://constitution.my/p/law-on-constitutional-court?lang=en): The Constitutional Court retains its role as guarantor of constitutional supremacy. Key changes: expansion to 10 judges, appointed by the President with Kurulta... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/law-on-constitutional-court.md?lang=en
- [How is the People's Council formed?](https://constitution.my/p/halyk-kenesi-how-formed?lang=en): The body has 126 members divided into three equal groups: ethnocultural associations (42), NGOs and civil society (42), and maslikhats plus regions (42). Candid... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/halyk-kenesi-how-formed.md?lang=en
- [When will the Vice President appear and what is the role?](https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-when?lang=en): The office of Vice President is established by the new Constitution and by the law on the President signed on June 5, 2026. The Vice President is appointed by t... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-when.md?lang=en
- [Which New Institutions Come Next](https://constitution.my/p/transition-new-institutions?lang=en): The new institutions go live on different timetables: direct citizen access to the Constitutional Court opened on July 1, 2026, the Vice President comes after t... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-new-institutions.md?lang=en
- [When Will Kurultai Elections Be Held](https://constitution.my/p/transition-kurultai-elections?lang=en): The first Kurultai elections are scheduled for August 23, 2026. On July 1, 2026, after the Constitution entered into force, the President signed the decree call... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-kurultai-elections.md?lang=en
- [What constitutional laws were signed on June 5, 2026?](https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-laws-june-2026?lang=en): Four core laws were signed: on the President, on the Kurultai, on the Constitutional Court, and on the People's Council. Together they introduce the Vice Presid... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-laws-june-2026.md?lang=en
- [What Happens During the Transition Period](https://constitution.my/p/transition-period-overview?lang=en): The transition period from March 16 to June 30, 2026 is complete. Key laws were signed on June 5, the new Constitution entered into force on July 1, and the dec... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-period-overview.md?lang=en
- [How is the Kurultai different from the Mazhilis and the Senate?](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-vs-mazhilis?lang=en): The Kurultai is a unicameral parliament. The Senate and presidential appointments to parliament are abolished. There are 145 deputies instead of 147, the thresh... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-vs-mazhilis.md?lang=en
- [Law on the President – what changes?](https://constitution.my/p/law-on-president?lang=en): The constitutional law on the President was signed on June 5, 2026. It already aligns presidential powers with the new Constitution by introducing the office of... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/law-on-president.md?lang=en
- [What changed after the Constitution entered into force?](https://constitution.my/p/what-changed-after-vote?lang=en): The Constitution has been in force since July 1, 2026. New rights are already being applied, the key constitutional laws have been published, and the next publi... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/what-changed-after-vote.md?lang=en
- [When will the Vice President appear and how is the office filled?](https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-new-institution?lang=en): The first appointment is expected after the Kurultai is formed, likely in autumn 2026. The President nominates the candidate and the Kurultai approves by majori... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-new-institution.md?lang=en
- [What We Already Know About the 2026 Kurultai Elections](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-election-2026?lang=en): On July 1, 2026, after the Constitution entered into force, the President signed the decree calling the first Kurultai elections. The Kurultai deputy elections ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-election-2026.md?lang=en
- [When did the new constitutional laws take effect?](https://constitution.my/p/when-new-laws-take-effect?lang=en): Some of the key laws were already signed on June 5, 2026. The Constitution itself took effect on July 1, and the next steps now depend on the signed decree for ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/when-new-laws-take-effect.md?lang=en
- [What Changed on July 1, 2026](https://constitution.my/p/transition-what-changes-july?lang=en): Since July 1, 2026, the Constitution has been in force. New rights are already being applied – digital rights, enhanced protection upon detention (48 hours inst... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-what-changes-july.md?lang=en
- [How will the Kurultai be formed?](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-how-formed?lang=en): The Kurultai is a unicameral supreme representative body of 145 deputies. The constitutional law on the Kurultai was signed on June 5, 2026, and on July 1 the P... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-how-formed.md?lang=en
- [How will digital rights work in practice?](https://constitution.my/p/digital-rights-how?lang=en): The new Constitution for the first time enshrines personal data protection and the right to submit electronic appeals to state bodies. Implementation will requi... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/digital-rights-how.md?lang=en