# Constitution.my - Verified Sources Pack

> Machine-friendly subset containing only explainers with checked public source records and primary-document links.

Canonical: https://constitution.my/llms-verified.txt?lang=en
Languages: ru, kk, en
Requested language: en
Scope note: Use this pack when a response must stay close to checked primary-source links. It is narrower than the full editorial corpus.
Parent index: https://constitution.my/llms.txt?lang=en
Bulk corpus: https://constitution.my/llms-full.txt?lang=en

## Included cards (90)

### About the Constitution

- [Why We Are Updating the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/why-update?lang=en): The 1995 Constitution laid the foundations of an independent state. But over 30 years, the economy, technology, public expectations, and governance institutions have changed. Updating the Constitution is not abandoning p... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/why-update.md?lang=en
- [Key Changes in the New Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/key-changes?lang=en): The new Constitution preserves the foundations of statehood but changes the architecture of power and strengthens citizens' rights. Key changes: transition to a unicameral parliament, introduction of the Vice President, ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/key-changes.md?lang=en
- [Full Text of the New Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/full-text?lang=en): Here you can access the full text of the new Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan online in Kazakh and Russian, along with official publications and comparative materials. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/full-text.md?lang=en
- [How the New Constitution Was Developed](https://constitution.my/p/how-developed?lang=en): The new Constitution was created openly, with the participation of experts, citizens, and representatives of all regions. The process took six months – from September 2025 to February 2026 – and included collecting propo... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/how-developed.md?lang=en
- [How to Read the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read-simple?lang=en): It's better to read the Constitution in blocks rather than sequentially: first rights and freedoms, then the power structure and amendment procedure. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read-simple.md?lang=en
- [What Types of Laws Exist and How They Relate to Each Other](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-levels-of-law?lang=en): The hierarchy runs: Constitution → constitutional laws → laws → presidential decrees → government resolutions → ministerial orders. Any lower-ranking act that contradicts a higher-ranking one has no legal force. The Cons... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-levels-of-law.md?lang=en
- [What Is the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/what-is-constitution?lang=en): The Constitution is the fundamental law of the state that defines the structure of power, citizens' rights, and the basic rules of society. It is not a political program or ideological manifesto but the legal foundation ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/what-is-constitution.md?lang=en
### Rights

- [Basic Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/rights-basic-list?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees core personal, political, social, and digital rights. Below is what the 2026 Constitution now protects directly, which guarantees became stronger, and where to go if a right is violated. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-basic-list.md?lang=en
- [I Was Detained by Police – What Are My Rights](https://constitution.my/p/life-detained-by-police?lang=en): If detained, establish the reason and actual time, request a lawyer and do not sign documents whose content has not been explained. Article 18 leaves detention periods to law; seek legal assistance for a concrete case. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-detained-by-police.md?lang=en
- [What Rights a Person Has Upon Detention](https://constitution.my/p/rights-detention?lang=en): If detained, establish the reason and actual time, request a lawyer and retain the documents. Article 18 leaves detention periods to law; the applicable procedure depends on the type of proceeding and the person’s status... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-detention.md?lang=en
- [What Digital Rights Mean in the New Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/rights-digital?lang=en): The 2026 Constitution expressly protects personal data and the secrecy of communications transmitted using digital technologies. The legal grounds for processing data, accessing communications, and restricting informatio... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-digital.md?lang=en
- [Can Rights and Freedoms Be Limited](https://constitution.my/p/rights-limits?lang=en): Rights may be limited only by law and only to the extent necessary for the aims in Article 41. Political restrictions are prohibited, and the rights in Articles 12, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, and 25 may not be limited in any ci... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-limits.md?lang=en
- [What Does the 'Direct Effect' of the Constitution Mean](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-direct-effect?lang=en): Direct effect allows a person to invoke a constitutional provision, but it does not dispense with evidence, time limits, procedure or requirements of special legislation. In a concrete dispute, read the constitutional te... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-direct-effect.md?lang=en
- [What Duties Citizens Have Under the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/rights-obligations?lang=en): The Constitution establishes both rights and citizens’ duties. Duties are not the price of having rights: their scope, performance and consequences are determined by the Constitution and special laws. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-obligations.md?lang=en
- [How Rights Are Limited During Emergency and Wartime](https://constitution.my/p/rights-emergency-regimes?lang=en): A state of emergency or martial law may involve temporary limits, but their legal basis, scope and duration must follow the Constitution and special law. Each measure should be assessed against the specific regime and ac... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-emergency-regimes.md?lang=en
- [My Personal Data Was Leaked – What Should I Do](https://constitution.my/p/life-personal-data-leaked?lang=en): The Constitution protects personal data against unlawful collection, processing, storage, and use, including with digital technologies. If your data are leaked, preserve evidence, contact the data operator, and submit a ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-personal-data-leaked.md?lang=en
- [How to Protect Your Constitutional Rights](https://constitution.my/p/rights-how-to-protect?lang=en): If a right is violated, the right path depends on the situation: an ordinary court, the Constitutional Court, the ombudsperson, or the prosecutor's office. Below is how to choose the right channel, what to prepare, and w... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/rights-how-to-protect.md?lang=en
### Government

- [National Bank](https://constitution.my/p/national-bank?lang=en): The National Bank is the central bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Its primary objective is price stability; it also works on monetary policy, payment systems, currency regulation and financial stability. The Chair of ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/national-bank.md?lang=en
- [Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan](https://constitution.my/p/government?lang=en): The Government is the highest executive body responsible for implementing state policy, managing the economy, social development, and public administration. It is formed by the President and is accountable to both the Pr... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/government.md?lang=en
- [Kurultai: Kazakhstan's New Parliament](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai?lang=en): The Kurultai is the unicameral parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The 2026 Constitution replaces the bicameral structure of the Senate and Mazhilis with a single representative body of 145 deputies elected through... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai.md?lang=en
- [President of the Republic of Kazakhstan](https://constitution.my/p/president?lang=en): The President is the head of state, guarantor of the Constitution, and protector of the rights and freedoms of citizens. The 2026 Constitution preserves the presidential form of government and strengthens checks and bala... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/president.md?lang=en
- [Vice President of the Republic of Kazakhstan](https://constitution.my/p/vice-president?lang=en): The Vice President is a new constitutional office created to ensure continuity of governance, coordination, and institutional stability. Appointed by the President with the consent of the Kurultai, the Vice President act... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/vice-president.md?lang=en
- [Local Government and Self-Government](https://constitution.my/p/local-government?lang=en): Local government and self-government are the institutions through which public authority is exercised at the level closest to citizens. They include local executive bodies, representative bodies, and self-government mech... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-government.md?lang=en
- [Prosecutor General](https://constitution.my/p/prosecutor?lang=en): The prosecution service exercises the highest supervision over legality on behalf of the state within the limits and forms established by law. The President appoints and dismisses the Prosecutor General, who serves one n... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/prosecutor.md?lang=en
- [Constitutional Court](https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-court?lang=en): The Constitutional Court is an independent body of constitutional review. A citizen may challenge a normative legal act that directly affects their constitutional rights, but the constitutional law sets admissibility con... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-court.md?lang=en
### Local Government

- [What Local Self-Government Is and How It Differs from Local Administration](https://constitution.my/p/local-self-government?lang=en): Local administration is a top-down hierarchy: akims appointed from the centre. Local self-government is a bottom-up initiative: residents themselves decide what to repair and build. Since 2021, village akims are elected ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-self-government.md?lang=en
- [What the Maslikhat Does](https://constitution.my/p/local-maslikhat?lang=en): The maslikhat is the local representative body through which local interests, oversight, and political accountability are expressed. Local governance should not consist only of executive administration – it must also inc... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-maslikhat.md?lang=en
- [Why Local Self-Government Matters](https://constitution.my/p/local-why-it-matters?lang=en): Local self-government matters because it is the level of public power closest to people’s everyday lives. It determines how communities are heard, how local priorities are set, and how quickly public problems can be iden... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-why-it-matters.md?lang=en
- [What the Local People’s Council Is](https://constitution.my/p/local-halyk-kenesi?lang=en): The local People’s Council is a proposed participation mechanism at the local level through which residents, community representatives, experts, and civil society actors can discuss local issues and communicate them to p... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-halyk-kenesi.md?lang=en
- [How a Citizen Can Participate in Governing the Country](https://constitution.my/p/local-citizen-participation?lang=en): Participation extends beyond elections: citizens may submit appeals, join peaceful assemblies and public councils, apply to the Constitutional Court, and support petitions under the Administrative Procedural Code. You ca... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-citizen-participation.md?lang=en
- [What the Akim Does](https://constitution.my/p/local-akim-role?lang=en): The akim is the head of the local executive authority and is responsible for administration, implementation of state policy, and management of local affairs within the relevant territory. In everyday life, the akim’s rol... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/local-akim-role.md?lang=en
### Civic Participation

- [What Public Oversight Means](https://constitution.my/p/public-control?lang=en): Public oversight means that citizens, experts, media, and civil society organizations can monitor public decisions and the way they are implemented. In the new constitutional model, it forms part of democratic participat... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/public-control.md?lang=en
- [How Citizen Appeals and Petitions Differ](https://constitution.my/p/petitions?lang=en): Article 35 of the Constitution preserves the right to submit individual and collective appeals. Petitions are governed by Chapter 12-1 of the Administrative Procedural Code: they are a separate process for addressing pub... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/petitions.md?lang=en
- [What the Kazakhstan People’s Council Is](https://constitution.my/p/peoples-council?lang=en): The Kazakhstan People’s Council is the highest constitutional consultative body representing the interests of the people. It has 126 members, with 42 drawn from each of three groups – ethnocultural associations, public a... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/peoples-council.md?lang=en
- [What Role Civil Society Plays](https://constitution.my/p/civil-society?lang=en): Civil society is the sphere of organizations, communities, experts, initiatives, and associations that exist outside the state but actively influence public life. Under the new constitutional model, civil society gains a... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/civil-society.md?lang=en
### Practical

- [What the New Constitution Changes for an Ordinary Person](https://constitution.my/p/practical-what-changes-for-me?lang=en): Constitutional change does not usually transform daily life overnight, but it can significantly affect how rights are protected, how public authority is exercised, how local participation works, and how the state interac... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-what-changes-for-me.md?lang=en
- [How the Relationship Between International Treaties and National Laws Will Change](https://constitution.my/p/practical-international-treaties?lang=en): The relationship between an international treaty and national law depends on the Constitution, the treaty’s legal status and the applicable legislation. For a concrete dispute, read the official text, ratification act an... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-international-treaties.md?lang=en
- [How to Discuss the Constitution With Family, Friends, or Colleagues](https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-discuss?lang=en): Discuss the Constitution by focusing on the actual text, before-and-after comparisons, and practical examples rather than slogans or out-of-context excerpts. The goal should be understanding, not winning an argument. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-discuss.md?lang=en
- [How to Check Information About the Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-check-information?lang=en): The safest way to verify claims about the Constitution is to compare them with the full text, official comparison tables, and official explanatory materials. Social-media posts and short quotations often leave out contex... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-how-to-check-information.md?lang=en
- [I Was Fired – What Are My Constitutional Rights](https://constitution.my/p/life-fired-from-job?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees the right to work and protection against unemployment. If dismissed unlawfully, you can turn to the court, the labour inspectorate, or the ombudsman. The new Constitution strengthens social gu... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-fired-from-job.md?lang=en
- [I Want to Start a Business – What Does the Constitution Guarantee](https://constitution.my/p/life-start-business?lang=en): The Constitution establishes freedom of enterprise, property rights and judicial protection. Starting a business and resolving a dispute also require compliance with sector-specific law, documentation and time limits. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-start-business.md?lang=en
- [What the Constitution Says About Property and Business](https://constitution.my/p/practical-property-and-business?lang=en): The Constitution establishes property rights and freedom of enterprise. For a dispute about property, land, a contract or market access, special laws, procedure and the documents of the concrete case also matter. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-property-and-business.md?lang=en
- [My Child Was Refused Entry to School – What Does the Constitution Say](https://constitution.my/p/life-child-school-refused?lang=en): The Constitution guarantees compulsory free secondary education. If a child is not admitted, keep the notice and verify the stated reason with the school and education authority; the next step depends on the circumstance... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/life-child-school-refused.md?lang=en
- [How the Constitution Protects the Right to Education and Health](https://constitution.my/p/practical-education-health?lang=en): The Constitution establishes core guarantees for education and health. Admission to school, the scope of free care, service quality and the route for challenge depend on special law and the concrete circumstances. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-education-health.md?lang=en
### History

- [How to Read Constitutional Changes Correctly](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read?lang=en): Constitutional change is easiest to understand when read historically rather than as isolated legal fragments. The best approach is to compare the previous and proposed texts and place them in the sequence of 1993, 1995,... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-how-to-read.md?lang=en
- [What the 2022 Constitutional Reforms Changed](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-reforms-2022?lang=en): The 2022 constitutional reforms were aimed at rebalancing Kazakhstan’s political system. They marked a shift away from an overly centralised model toward a more balanced institutional arrangement, and served as a direct ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-reforms-2022.md?lang=en
- [What the 1993 Constitution Was](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1993?lang=en): The 1993 Constitution was the first Constitution of independent Kazakhstan. It established the legal foundations of sovereignty and marked the transition from the Soviet legal order to a national constitutional system. I... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1993.md?lang=en
- [How Kazakhstan Reached the 2026 Constitution](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-path-to-2026?lang=en): The 2026 Constitution did not emerge suddenly. It is the product of a long constitutional evolution that began with independence in 1991, passed through the Constitutions of 1993 and 1995, and accelerated significantly a... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-path-to-2026.md?lang=en
### Myths

- [Myth: 'If the Law Says So, the Constitution Doesn't Matter'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-law-vs-constitution?lang=en): Myth: 'The law is the law – the Constitution has nothing to do with it.' Fact: the Constitution stands above any law. If a law contradicts the Constitution, it has no legal force. The Constitutional Court strikes down un... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-law-vs-constitution.md?lang=en
- [“The People's Council replaces Parliament”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-halyk-kenesi-replaces-parliament?lang=en): No. The People's Council is a consultative body without the power to pass laws. Only the Kurultai adopts laws. The Council may submit initiatives, but they are not automatically binding. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-halyk-kenesi-replaces-parliament.md?lang=en
- [“The Kurultai is just the Mazhilis under a new name”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-kurultai-same-as-mazhilis?lang=en): It is not a simple rename: the Senate is abolished, presidential appointments are removed, the election system changes, the threshold rises from 5% to 7%, and women, young people, and persons with disabilities must joint... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-kurultai-same-as-mazhilis.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'The Constitution Doesn't Work Anyway, So What's Written in It Doesn't Matter'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-doesnt-work?lang=en): The claim that 'the Constitution doesn't work' is a common myth. Since 2023, the Constitutional Court has accepted dozens of applications from ordinary citizens and struck down several unconstitutional provisions. Applic... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-doesnt-work.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “The new Constitution will improve life immediately”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-constitution-solves-everything?lang=en): A Constitution is a legal foundation, not an automatic outcome. Real change depends on laws, court practice, and civic use. The distance between a norm and daily reality is usually measured in years of institutional work... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-constitution-solves-everything.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'The Constitution Is All About Rights and Nobody Mentions Duties'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-rights-vs-duties?lang=en): Myth: 'The Constitution is just about demanding rights; duties are forgotten.' Fact: the section is titled 'Rights, Freedoms and Duties.' Duties are written out explicitly: taxes, defence, care for children and parents, ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-rights-vs-duties.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “Any Constitution is good simply because it is a Constitution”](https://constitution.my/p/myth-any-constitution-good?lang=en): Not every constitution is good merely by virtue of existing. A constitution can be democratic and rights-protecting, or it can be vague, overly centralized, weak in guarantees, and ineffective in practice. What matters i... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myth-any-constitution-good.md?lang=en
### Current Focus

- [What Changed on July 1, 2026](https://constitution.my/p/transition-what-changes-july?lang=en): Since July 1, 2026, the Constitution has been in force. The digital-rights provisions and detention safeguards under Article 18 now apply; detention periods are set by law. The right to submit appeals continues, while pe... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-what-changes-july.md?lang=en
### Kurultai Elections

- [How is the People's Council formed?](https://constitution.my/p/halyk-kenesi-how-formed?lang=en): The body has 126 members divided into three equal groups: ethnocultural associations (42), NGOs and civil society (42), and maslikhats plus regions (42). Candidates are nominated by those structures and then approved by ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/halyk-kenesi-how-formed.md?lang=en
- [When will the Vice President appear and how is the office filled?](https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-new-institution?lang=en): Erlan Karin was appointed Vice President on 31 August 2026 by Decree No. 1417. Under the Constitution, the Vice President is appointed by the President with the consent of the Kurultai. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-new-institution.md?lang=en
### Current Focus

- [What We Already Know About the 2026 Kurultai Elections](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-election-2026?lang=en): The Kurultai election was held on 23 August 2026. The CEC published the results on 25 August; the first session opened on 28 August. The Kurultai is a unicameral parliament of 145 deputies. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-election-2026.md?lang=en
- [Which New Institutions Come Next](https://constitution.my/p/transition-new-institutions?lang=en): Erlan Karin was appointed Vice President on 31 August 2026 by Decree No. 1417. The law on the People’s Council is in force; its Secretariat was created on 2 July. Citizens have been able to apply to the Constitutional Co... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-new-institutions.md?lang=en
- [When Will Kurultai Elections Be Held](https://constitution.my/p/transition-kurultai-elections?lang=en): The Kurultai election was held on 23 August 2026. The CEC published the results on 25 August; the first session opened on 28 August. The Kurultai is a unicameral parliament of 145 deputies. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-kurultai-elections.md?lang=en
- [What Happens During the Transition Period](https://constitution.my/p/transition-period-overview?lang=en): The transition period from March 16 to June 30, 2026 is complete. Key laws were signed on June 5, the new Constitution entered into force on July 1, and the decree calling Kurultai elections has been signed. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/transition-period-overview.md?lang=en
### Constitutional Laws

- [Law on the Kurultai – building a new parliament from scratch](https://constitution.my/p/law-on-kurultai?lang=en): The law on the Kurultai was signed on June 5, 2026. It fixes a unicameral parliament of 145 deputies elected by proportional representation, and on July 1 the President signed the decree calling the first elections. Kuru... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/law-on-kurultai.md?lang=en
- [Law on the President – what changes?](https://constitution.my/p/law-on-president?lang=en): The constitutional law on the President was signed on June 5, 2026. It already aligns presidential powers with the new Constitution by introducing the office of Vice President and the new order of succession. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/law-on-president.md?lang=en
### Current Focus

- [When will the Vice President appear and what is the role?](https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-when?lang=en): Erlan Karin was appointed Vice President on 31 August 2026 by Decree No. 1417. Under the Constitution, the Vice President is appointed by the President with the consent of the Kurultai. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/vice-president-when.md?lang=en
- [How will the Kurultai be formed?](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-how-formed?lang=en): The Kurultai is a unicameral supreme representative body of 145 deputies. The constitutional law on the Kurultai was signed on June 5, 2026, and on July 1 the President signed the decree calling the first elections. The ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-how-formed.md?lang=en
- [When did the new constitutional laws take effect?](https://constitution.my/p/when-new-laws-take-effect?lang=en): Some of the key laws were already signed on June 5, 2026. The Constitution itself took effect on July 1, and the next steps now depend on the signed decree for Kurultai elections and on the institutions tied to the new p... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/when-new-laws-take-effect.md?lang=en
### Constitutional Laws

- [Law on the Constitutional Court – what changes?](https://constitution.my/p/law-on-constitutional-court?lang=en): The Constitutional Court retains its role as guarantor of constitutional supremacy. The new model changes the composition from 11 to 10 judges, the appointment process, and term length; citizen applications have been acc... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/law-on-constitutional-court.md?lang=en
### Current Focus

- [What constitutional laws were signed on June 5, 2026?](https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-laws-june-2026?lang=en): Four core laws cover the President, the Kurultai, the Constitutional Court, and the Kazakhstan People's Council. They entered into force on July 1, 2026. The Kurultai law sets 145 seats, a 7% threshold, and an aggregate ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-laws-june-2026.md?lang=en
- [How are office terms counted after the new Constitution entered into force?](https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-court-term-counting-july-2026?lang=en): On July 7, 2026, the Constitutional Court explained that holding the relevant office under the 1995 Constitution does not itself prevent a new election or appointment. For limits in the new Constitution, an election or a... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitutional-court-term-counting-july-2026.md?lang=en
### Kurultai Elections

- [How is the Kurultai different from the Mazhilis and the Senate?](https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-vs-mazhilis?lang=en): The Kurultai is a unicameral parliament. The Senate and presidential appointments to parliament are abolished. There are 145 deputies instead of 147 and the threshold rises from 5% to 7%. Women, young people, and persons... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/kurultai-vs-mazhilis.md?lang=en
### Current Focus

- [How will digital rights work in practice?](https://constitution.my/p/digital-rights-how?lang=en): The new Constitution for the first time enshrines personal data protection and the right to submit electronic appeals to state bodies. Implementation will require subordinate legislation – expected in 2026–2027. | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/digital-rights-how.md?lang=en
### Referendum

- [What Is Happening and What Comes Next](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-after-vote?lang=en): Voting took place on 15 March 2026. 87.15% voted in favour at 73.12% turnout. The Constitution was adopted and entered into force on 1 July 2026. The CEC published the Kurultai election results on 25 August 2026. The fir... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-after-vote.md?lang=en
- [Who Monitors the Integrity of the Vote](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-observers?lang=en): At every polling station – observers from parties, NGOs, media, and international missions (OSCE/ODIHR, SCO, CIS). Observers from more than 30 countries have been invited. Each observer receives a copy of the count proto... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-observers.md?lang=en
- [Why It Matters to Adopt the Constitution by Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-why-important?lang=en): Adopting the Constitution by referendum gives it especially strong political and public legitimacy. On March 15, 2026, citizens of Kazakhstan approved the updated basic law directly, rather than leaving the decision only... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-why-important.md?lang=en
- [What Question Is on the Ballot](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-question-text?lang=en): The ballot contains one question: 'Do you accept the new Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the 2026 Constitution of which was published in the mass media on 12 February 2026?' The answer is 'Yes' or 'No.' Votin... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-question-text.md?lang=en
- [What Is a Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-is?lang=en): A referendum is a nationwide vote with direct legal force. Every citizen aged 18 and over votes personally and in secret. Three conditions must be met: turnout above 50%, a majority of 'Yes' votes, and 'Yes' in at least ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-is.md?lang=en
- [What Questions Can Be Put to a Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-can-be-asked?lang=en): A referendum is intended for issues of fundamental public and constitutional importance, not for routine administrative decisions. It is the mechanism by which citizens directly decide questions affecting the foundations... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-what-can-be-asked.md?lang=en
- [How the Referendum Turnout Threshold Works](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-turnout-threshold?lang=en): A referendum requires participation above 50%, and the “Yes” option must prevail in at least two thirds of the regions. Final turnout on March 15, 2026 was 73.12%, so the participation threshold was met. A repeat referen... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-turnout-threshold.md?lang=en
- [What Campaigning Rules Apply Before the Referendum](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-campaigning-rules?lang=en): Campaigning is permitted from 12 February to 13 March – both 'For' and 'Against' on equal terms. 14 March is a day of silence: no campaigning. 15 March is polling day. Prohibited: vote-buying, coercion, abuse of official... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-campaigning-rules.md?lang=en
### Practical

- [When the New Constitution Entered Into Force](https://constitution.my/p/practical-entry-into-force?lang=en): Following the referendum of 15 March 2026, the new Constitution entered into force on 1 July 2026. Until then, the 1995 Constitution remained in force. During the transition period (16 March – 30 June), all institutions ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-entry-into-force.md?lang=en
- [Where to Ask Questions](https://constitution.my/p/practical-where-to-ask?lang=en): If you have questions about the new Constitution, referendum procedure, or your rights, use official information portals, election resources, legal-information platforms, and authorised public institutions rather than re... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-where-to-ask.md?lang=en
- [Why Reading the Text Matters](https://constitution.my/p/practical-why-read-before-vote?lang=en): In a referendum, a citizen votes not on a slogan, but on a legal text that shapes the foundations of the state. That is why reading the Constitution itself remains essential for understanding what changes and how new rul... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/practical-why-read-before-vote.md?lang=en
### History

- [What the 1995 Constitution Changed](https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1995?lang=en): The 1995 Constitution created the basic framework of Kazakhstan’s modern state system. It clarified the structure of power, consolidated the presidential model, and provided the legal foundation for institutional stabili... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/constitution-history-1995.md?lang=en
### Myths

- [Myth: “Everything changes the next day after the referendum”](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-change-next-day?lang=en): No. Citizens voted on March 15, the key laws were signed on June 5, and the Constitution entered into force on 1 July 2026. The legal system does not transform overnight: elections, decrees, and institutional launch foll... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-change-next-day.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'If the Constitution Was Adopted by Referendum, It Must Be Perfect'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-always-good?lang=en): A referendum confers legitimacy – but not perfection. The US Constitution began by enshrining slavery. Kazakhstan's 1995 Constitution required 56 amendments in 2022. Every constitution is a compromise. That is precisely ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-constitution-always-good.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “If a referendum has only one question, there is no real choice”](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-one-question?lang=en): A single-question referendum is not automatically fake, invalid, or meaningless. If the issue submitted is a unified constitutional project, one question can reflect a yes-or-no decision on the project as a whole. The ke... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-one-question.md?lang=en
- [Myth: “Boycott is the strongest political response”](https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-boycott?lang=en): A boycott is not the same as a “No” vote. The official record counts turnout and votes cast, not a separate boycott category. Final turnout on March 15, 2026 was 73.12%, and 87.15% of participants voted in favor. A “No” ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/referendum-myth-boycott.md?lang=en
- [Myth: 'A Referendum Is Always Better Than Parliament Because the People Decide'](https://constitution.my/p/myths-referendum-vs-parliament?lang=en): A referendum does not replace parliament – it complements it for fundamental questions. Voting on a budget or a tax code with a simple Yes/No is not feasible. The 2026 referendum is the appropriate case: 84% of the text ... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/myths-referendum-vs-parliament.md?lang=en
### Current Focus

- [What changed after the Constitution entered into force?](https://constitution.my/p/what-changed-after-vote?lang=en): On 15 March 2026, citizens of Kazakhstan approved the new Constitution in a referendum. Key constitutional laws were signed on June 5, the Constitution took effect on July 1, and on the same day the decree calling Kurult... | Markdown: https://constitution.my/p/what-changed-after-vote.md?lang=en